Medium Impact
EconomicEvery 3 months

GDP Report

Quarterly measure of economic growth. Two negative quarters = recession.

Quick Answer

Gross Domestic Product measures the total value of goods and services produced in the US. Released quarterly in three estimates (advance, preliminary, final), GDP tells us if the economy is growing or shrinking. While important, markets often react more to the components than the headline.

On This Page

Overview

Gross Domestic Product measures the total value of goods and services produced in the US. Released quarterly in three estimates (advance, preliminary, final), GDP tells us if the economy is growing or shrinking. While important, markets often react more to the components than the headline.

What It Is

GDP is the broadest measure of economic activity. It's the sum of consumer spending, business investment, government spending, and net exports. Growth above 2% is generally considered healthy. Below 0% for two consecutive quarters is the technical definition of recession.

Why It Matters

GDP tells us if the economy is growing or shrinking. However, it's backward-looking—by the time it's released, markets have moved on. The components (especially consumer spending) often matter more than the headline number.

Timing & Schedule

Typical Time

8:30 AM ET

Schedule Notes

Advance estimate ~30 days after quarter end. Second estimate ~60 days. Final ~90 days.

Typical Schedule

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

Every 3 months

Key Metrics to Watch

1
GDP Growth Rate (QoQ annualized)
2
Consumer Spending
3
Business Investment
4
Government Spending
5
Net Exports

Trading Strategies

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Overreacting to GDP

Why It Happens

How to Avoid

Be aware and plan accordingly

Historical Examples

Jul 28, 2022

Second consecutive negative quarter technically signaled recession.

Second consecutive negative quarter technically signaled recession.

Market Reaction:

Preparation Checklist

  • Know the consensus estimate
  • Focus on consumer spending component
  • Consider what GDP means for Fed policy